A popular method for creating required phase shifts for patches in a microstrip reflectarray uses open ended stubs attached to the patches. Uniform stubs are narrowband and hence limit the bandwidth of the array. In this paper, two novel methods for designing broadband More
A popular method for creating required phase shifts for patches in a microstrip reflectarray uses open ended stubs attached to the patches. Uniform stubs are narrowband and hence limit the bandwidth of the array. In this paper, two novel methods for designing broadband reactive phase shifters are proposed based on the method of least squares. A structure The frequency response of s to be attached to theA popular method for creating required phase shifts for patches in a microstrip reflectarray uses open ended stubs attached to the patches. Uniform stubs are narrowband and hence limit the bandwidth of the array. In this paper, two novel methods for designing broadband reactive phase shifters are proposed based on the method of least squares. A structure consisting of transmission line sections, open-ended stubs, and resistors is considered for the phase shifter. Another one consists of transmission lines and open-ended. A least square error function is constructed for the required phase shift and the characteristic impedances, electrical lengths of transmission lines and resistances are obtained by its minimization. Then, the circuit is realized by microstrip lines to be attached to the microstrip patch. It is shown that the novel phase shifters create the required phase shifts in a broader bandwidth than those of uniform stub phase shifters. The frequency response of proposed microstrip line phase shifters are validated by the results obtained using AWR's Microwave Office software.
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In this paper, the parabolic equation method is applied to analyze radio wave propagation through window structures. By this method, a typical window propagation situation is simulated for different window sizes and frame types. The simulation results are represented fo More
In this paper, the parabolic equation method is applied to analyze radio wave propagation through window structures. By this method, a typical window propagation situation is simulated for different window sizes and frame types. The simulation results are represented for both normal and oblique incident cases of uniform and non-uniform plane wave. Results from the implementation of the parabolic equation method show good agreement with FDTD reported simulations. Base on this study, as the parabolic equation method needs less memory size and CPU time against FDTD method, it can be used as an efficient algorithm to analyze this kind of problems.
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