Improved Maximum Power Point Tracking Off-Grid Solar Panels
Subject Areas : electrical and computer engineering
Keywords: Maximum power point tracking solar panel open circuit voltage perturbation &, observation method,
Abstract :
Solar panels exhibit non-linear current–voltage characteristics producing maximum power at only one particular operating point. The maximum power point changes with temperature and light intensity variations. Different methods have been introduced for tracking the maximum power point based on offline and online methods. In this paper a new method is presented to improve the performance of maximum power point tracking in off-grid solar panels. The proposed algorithm is a combination of two loops, set point calculation and fine tuning loops. First the set point loop approximates the maximum power using offline calculation of the open circuit voltage. The exact amount of the maximum power will, then, be tracked by the fine tuning loop which is based on perturbation and observation (P&O) method. The proposed method is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment and experimentally verified using a laboratory prototype. In maximum power point tracking, the effects of frequency variation and disturbance amplitude on dynamic response and steady state performance are examined. Simulation and experimental results are compared with other methods and the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated.
[1] M. Kheshti, M. Na Yeripour, and M. D. Majidpour, "Fuzzy dispatching of solar energy in distribution system," Applied Solar Energy, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 105-111, Jun. 2011.
[2] V. Reddy and A. Raturi, "Optimization and sensitivity analysis of a PV/Wind/Diesel hybrid system for a rural community in the pacific," Applied Solar Energy, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 152-156, Jun. 2010.
[3] A. R. Reisi, M. H. Moradi, and S. Jamasb, "Classification and comparison of maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic system: a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 19, pp. 433-443, Mar. 2013.
[4] J. J. Schoeman and J. D. Van Wyk, "A simplified maximal power controller for terrestrial photovoltaic panel arrays," in Proc. 13th Annu. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., pp. 361-367, Jun. 1982.
[5] J. H. R. Enslin, M. S. Wolf, D. B. Snyman, and W. Swiegers, "Integrated photovoltaic maximum power point tracking converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 769-773, Dec. 1997.
[6] T. Noguchi, S. Togashi, and R. Nakamoto, "Short-current pulse-based maximum-power-point tracking method for multiple photovoltaic-and-converter module system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 217-223, Feb. 2002.
[7] T. Hiyama, S. Kouzuma, T. Imakubo, and T. H. Ortmeyer, "Evaluation of neural network based real-time maximum power tracking controller for PV system," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 543-548, Sep. 1995.
[8] T. Hiyama, S. Kouzuma, and T. Imakubo, "Identification of optimal operating point of PV modules using neural network for real-time maximum power tracking control," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 360-367, Jun. 1995.
[9] C. Hua, J. Lin, and C. Shen, "Implementation of a DSP-controlled photovoltaic system with peak power tracking," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 99-107, Feb. 1998.
[10] E. Bianconi, J. Calvente, R. Giral, E. Mamarelis, G. Petrone, C. A. Ramos-Paja, G. Spagnuolo, and M. Vitelli, "Perturb and observe MPPT algorithm with a current controller based on the sliding mode," International J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 346-356, Jan. 2013.
[11] P. Huynh and B. H. Cho, "Design and analysis of a microprocessor-controlled peak-power-tracking system," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 182-190, Jan. 1996.
[12] Q. Mei, M. Shan, L. Liu, and J. M. Guerrero, "A novel improved variable step-size incremental-resistance MPPT method for PV systems," IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electronics, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2427-2434, Jun. 2011.
[13] T. Esram, J. W. Kimball, P. T. Krein, P. L. Chapman, and P. Midya, "Dynamic maximum power tracking of photovoltaic arrays using ripple correlation control," IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1282-1291, Sep. 2006.
[14] Z. Zhi-Dan, H. Hai-Bo, Z. Xin-Jian, C. Guang-Yi, and R. Yuan, "Adaptive maximum power point tracking control of fuel cell power plants," J. Power Sources, vol. 176, no. 1, pp. 259-269, Jan. 2008.
[15] C. Hua and J. Lin, "An on-line MPPT algorithm for rapidly changing illuminations of solar arrays," Renewable Energy, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 1129-1142, Jun. 2003.
[16] G. J. Yu, Y. S. Jung, J. Y. Choi, and G. S. Kim, "A novel two-mode MPPT control algorithm based on comparative study of existing algorithms," Solar Energy, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 455-463, Apr. 2004.
[17] T. Tafticht, K. Agbossou, M. L. Doumbia, and A. Cheriti, "An improved maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic systems," Renewable Energy, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1508-1516, Jul. 2008.
[18] M. G. Villalva, J. R. Gazoli, and E. R. Filho, "Comprehensive approach to modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays," IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1198-1208, May 2009.
[19] C. Carrero, J. Amador, and S. Arnaltes, "A single procedure for helping PV designers to select silicon PV module and evaluate the loss resistances," Renewable Energy, vol. 32, no. 15, pp. 2579-2589, Dec. 2007.
[20] W. Tasi-Fu and C. Yu-Kai, "Modeling PWM DC/DC converters out of basic converter units," IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 870-881, Sep. 1998.
[21] F. Liu, S. Duan, F. Liu, B. Liu, and Y. Kang, "A variable step size INC MPPT method for PV systems," IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electron, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2622-2628, Jul. 2008.
[22] B. N. Alajmi, K. H. Ahmed, S. J. Finney, and B. W. Williams, "Fuzzy-logic-control approach of a modified hill-climbing method for maximum power point in microgrid standalone photovoltaic system," IEEE Trans. on Power Electron, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1022-1030, Apr. 2011.
[23] C. Yang, C. Hsieh, F. Feng, and K. Chen, "Highly efficient analog maximum power point tracking (AMPPT) in a photovoltaic system," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Papers, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 1546-1556, Jul. 2012.
[24] A. B. G. Bahgat, N. H. Helwa, G. E. Ahmad, and E. T. E. Shenawy, "MPPT controller for PV systems using neural networks," Renew. Energy, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1257-1268, Jul. 2005.
[25] C. Chiu and Y. Ouyang, "Robust maximum power tracking control of uncertain photovoltaic systems: a unified T-S fuzzy model-based approach," IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1516-1527, Nov. 2011.