تحلیل عملکرد و ارزیابی کارایی روش¬های مختلف کنترل در درایو موتورهای سنکرون مغناطیس دائم
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر
مجتبی سلمانفر
1
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آرش دهستانی کلاگر
2
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محمدرضا علیزاده پهلوانی
3
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یوسف کوه مسکن
4
1 - مجتمع دانشگاهی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران
2 - مجتمع دانشگاهی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران
3 - مجتمع دانشگاهی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران
4 - مجتمع دانشگاهی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: موتور سنکرون مغناطیس دائم (PMSM) کنترل پیشبین مبتنی بر مدل (MPC), ریپل گشتاور, تلفات کلیدزنی, اعوجاج هارمونیکی کل.,
چکیده مقاله :
موتورهای سنکرون مغناطیس دائم (PMSM) به دلیل چگالی توان بالا، راندمان زیاد و قابلیت کنترل دقیق گشتاور و سرعت، در بسیاری از سامانههای صنعتی، رباتیکی و نظامی کاربرد گستردهای یافتهاند. عملکرد مطلوب این موتورها به شدت وابسته به نوع الگوریتم کنترلی مورد استفاده است. در این مقاله، عملکرد پنج روش کنترلی شامل کنترل جریان با مدولاسیون (PWM)، کنترل جریان هیسترزیس، کنترل برداری میدان (FOC)، کنترل مستقیم گشتاور (DTC) و کنترل پیشبین مبتنی بر مدل (MPC) در یک درایو PMSM مورد شبیهسازی، تحلیل و مقایسه قرار گرفته است. در تمامی روشها، شرایط کاری موتور و مبدل یکسان در نظر گرفته شده و پارامترهای موتور با سرعت نامی rpm 2000 و بار اغتشاشی 5/1 و 5/2 نیوتنمتر در نظر گرفته شده است. نتایج شبیهسازیها نشان میدهد که روش کنترل پیشبین مبتنی بر مدل (MPC) ضمن کاهش قابل توجه ریپل گشتاور (حدود 2/0%) و اعوجاج هارمونیکی کل (2% ≈ THD)، از پاسخ دینامیکی بسیار سریع و پایداری بالا در برابر تغییر بار و پارامترهای موتور برخوردار است. در مقابل، روشهای کلاسیک نظیر PWM و FOC نسبت به تغییر پارامترهای Rs و Lq حساستر بوده و دارای ریپل گشتاور و تلفات کلیدزنی بالاتری هستند. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل تلفات نشان داد که با افزایش فرکانس کلیدزنی، تلفات در روشهای PWM و DTC افزایش مییابد، در حالیکه روش MPC با انتخاب بردارهای ولتاژی بهینه، توانست تلفات کلیدزنی را به حداقل برساند. در مجموع، نتایج این پژوهش بیانگر آن است که روش MPC به دلیل دقت بالا، پاسخ سریع و قابلیت پایداری در شرایط غیرخطی و متغیر، برترین گزینه برای کنترل PMSM در کاربردهای بلادرنگ و صنعتی محسوب میشود.
PMSM motors are suitable for applications that require precise measurement of torque, speed, or position, and because of their characteristics, they are used in military, industrial, and automation systems, and they can be a suitable alternative to traditional induction motors. Classical controllers are widely used in controlling the speed of permanent magnet synchronous motors; But these controllers do not perform well due to the non-linear characteristics of the motor or in the presence of disturbances and load changes. The model predictive control method can optimize the future control path to achieve the desired dynamic efficiency. In this paper, the performance of the model predictive control (MPC) method is compared with vector control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC), hysteresis control, and classical PWM-based linear control. Also, due to the importance of the issue of losses, comparative studies of switching losses are conducted between different control methods and model predictive control method in three-phase two-level voltage source inverters. The results obtained show that the model predictive control method effectively controls the load current and has a much better performance compared to the classical methods. Finally, the simulation results are compared and analyzed.
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